Which form is used to establish a qualifying family relationship between a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and a relative who seeks a green card?

• A. To establish a qualifying family relationship between a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and a relative who seeks a green card.
• B. To apply for asylum.
• C. To petition for a student visa.
• D. To obtain a nonimmigrant tourist visa.

Answer: (A)

In family-based immigration, the first step to a relative’s green card is proving the qualifying relationship by filing a petition with USCIS. The form used to establish that relationship is Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative. A U.S. citizen or permanent resident submits this petition to show the petitioner–relative connection (such as spouse, parent, or child) and to begin the immigrant visa process. The petitioner provides evidence of the relationship (marriage or birth certificates, documents showing surname changes, etc.). Once I-130 is approved, the relative can pursue a green card through consular processing or adjustment of status if a visa is available.

Asylum, a student visa, or a tourist visa do not establish the qualifying family relationship for a green card. They serve other purposes (protection, study, or temporary visit) and do not commence the family-based immigrant petition that leads to permanent residence.